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| Edinburgh Castle |
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| The statues of Robert Bruce and William Wallace |
For most of us Scotland brings a picture of a mountainous region with icy winds and uncultivated wilderness without much sophisticated European prudery and fashionable styles.But after our visit to Edinburgh our conception underwent a thorough sea-change and showed us the mysterious spell cast by this historic city decked with so many monuments and memorials.We went to Edinburgh by flight from Gatwyck Airport in London. It took just one and half an hour to cover a distance of 355 miles. Soon after we got down, we caught a taxi to reach our lodgings, Hotel Ritz, located in the heart of the city. The taxi driver was a tall, hefty woman with reddish hair revealing the typical Scottish vigor and dynamic energy. Though Scotland is a part of the Great Britain, she has got her own currency and administrative system. The weather was quite chilly with strong blowing winds. Edinburgh, like London, was a big city with many old buildings and monuments standing like strong citadels resisting the ravages of time with their stone-built construction, carved designs and big arched windows. The houses were comparatively bigger and more spacious than those of London.
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| The figure of St.Margaret |
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| St.Margaret's Chapel |
First we made our way to the famous Edinburgh Castle firmly set upon a tall volcanic rock in the center of the city. We approached the fort through a busy street flanked by many shops, restaurants and pubs.This main street is called "Royal Mile". Perched on the top a huge imposing rock, the castle seemed very majestic with many turrets and towers. This is one of the oldest castles from where many Scottish kings ruled and so many patriotic heroes laid down their lives to win back their precious national symbol of pride and prestige from the warring British kings and Barons. The Scottish War Memorial designed by Lorimer was built within the premises of the castle shortly after the World War I. The broad walk or esplanade near the castle is the place where the world-famous Tattoo (military band music festival) is held annually over a three-week period in August. This castle is at the west end of the old town and was constructed in the twelfth century in the reign of King David I and continued to be the royal residence till the union of the crowns in 1603. From the fifteenth century onwards, the castle gradually lost its importance as the residential place of the royalty. By the seventeenth century this castle had been used as military barracks. St.Margaret's Chapel is the oldest surviving structure built in 12th century that withstood many invasions by the British monarchs. King David I, built this church in memory of his mother St.Margaret, who died in this castle in 1093. In 1174, the Scottish King William I gave away this castle along with three other castles to the English King Henry II as personal ransom. In 1186 this castle was restored to King William again. During the Scottish wars of Independence this castle changed hands many times. In 1314 Robert Bruce won this castle from Edward III of England and built a new castle in 1335 but held it only till 1341. After the wars of Independence (1286-1328) David II constructed most part of the castle. In his honor, David's Tower was erected. In 1571 the English forces laid siege for two years and destroyed David's Tower. After the death of the English Virgin Queen Elizabeth I, King James I (James VI, son of Mary, Queen of Scots ) became the king of England uniting both the Scottish and English kingdoms.
The coat of arms of this city bears the castle as one of its important symbols with three towers The anchor wreathed about with a cable refers to the office of the Admiral of the Forth held by the Lord Provost of this town.The maiden on the left indicates this place as a haven for royal princesses and the doe represents the symbol associated with St.Giles, the patron saint of this city. The Latin phrase over the anchor"Nisi Dominus Frustra"is a heraldic contraction of a verse taken from the 127th psalm with the meaning " Except the Lord Build the house, Thy labor in vain that build it / Except the Lord keep the city, the watchman walketh in vain." The images of this castle are used on postal stamps and on various bank notes issued by the Royal Bank of Scotland.
This castle, having different types of construction in different times, still preserves the basic structure in tact with strong defenses at three levels. At every level one can find turrets with circular stone steps that makes enemies very difficult to enter. Many canons were kept to defend this fort. Even now at 10' clock, a canon is fired from the castle as a reminder to break for the lunch, except on Sundays. The Great Hall, built by James IV was used for the State Assembly meetings. In 1650 Cromwell invaded and occupied this castle and converted it into soldiers' barracks.
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| The Chamber where James I was born |
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| The Great Hall |
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| Inside the War Museum |
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| National War Museum |
The Royal Palace is the official residence of Scottish kings and royal family. Queen Mary's mother, Marie De Guise, died here in 1650. We saw the painted portraits of James I and Queen Mary I. James I was born here in 1566. There are many vaults beneath the castle which were used for storing goods and for keeping prisoners. We saw the prison vaults where the French soldiers captured during the war were kept. It was like a dungeon. The prisoners had to sleep in swings made of coarse material. Each prisoner was given just the minimum quantity of food and drink. Some prisoners with artistic talent made some toys and artifacts with the material they could get. Some scratched their names as sad reminders of their fate. During the Napoleonic wars(1803-1815), prisoners from various countries like France, Germany, Holland, Spain and Italy were kept here in captivity.
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| The Coat of arms of the city of Edinburgh |
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| The Royal Crown , scepter and the sword |
In the Crown Room of the royal palace one can see the Crown, Scepter and sword of the Scottish kings which dated from the fifteenth century.The crown was made by the Edinburgh goldsmith, John Mosman in 1540 and was first worn by James V at the coronation ceremony of his second queen, Marie De Guise. The scepter was presented to James IV by the Pope Alexander VI in 1494, and the sword in1508 by the Pope Julius II. Mary, Queen of Scots, was crowned and was given the sword and the scepter at her coronation ceremony on 9th September, 1543, when she was just an infant.
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| Inside the prison |
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| Prison for war captives |
The National War Museum was opened here in 1933. Originally this building was an ordnance store built in 1755. One can see various weapons, scenes from wars, Scottish weapons and the typical Scottish uniform. Owing to their sturdy and martial qualities and their enduring grit and brave qualities, mostly Scottish people were recruited by the British Govt.The Scot soldiers rendered commendable service and occupied high positions in the British army. We can see the portraits of those brave colonels and majors here. This castle stands as a silent witness to so many historic incidents and happenings and still reveals the past glory of Scottish kingdom and the sacrifices made by so many martyrs to defend their country. Let me end this article with the inspiring lines Sir Walter Scott that breathe the true spirit of Scottish Patriotic feelings.
" Breathes there the man with soul so dead
' Who never to himself hath said',
This is my own, my native land
Whose heart hath never within him burned
As home his footsteps he hath turned
From wandering on a foreign strand?"
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November 5th 2013 Somaseshu Gutala
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